Resinous compositions comprising an aldehyde-modified amide interpolymer and an alkyd resin



United States Patent RESINOUS COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING AN ALDEHYDE-MODIFIED AMIDE INTERPOLY- MER AND AN ALKYD RESIN Roger M. Christensen, Richland Township, and Harold G. Bittle, Gibsonia, Pa, assignors to Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a corporation of Pennsylvania N0 Drawing. Filed Feb. 13, 1957, Ser. No. 639,844

13 Claims. (Cl. 26021) This invention relates to resinous compositions particularly useful in coating compositions, and pertains more specifically to resinous compositions containing a blend of an aldehyde modified acrylamide interpolymer and an alkyd resin.

In a copending application, Serial No. 490,409, filed February 24, 1955, now abandoned, it is disclosed that useful resinous materials are readily obtained by reacting an aldehyde, particularly formaldehyde, with an interpolymer of acrylamide and one or more polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The resulting resins range from soft flexible materials to very hard solids, depending upon the choice of monomers utilized in preparing the acrylamide interpolymer which in turn is reacted with the aldehyde. The resins are useful in coating compositions, giving very tough and mar resistant films which possess excellent chemical resistance.

However, it has been found that films of the aldehyde modified amide interpolymers, while possessing many outstanding properties, tend to be too brittle for some applications. Moreover, the recoat adhesion of some such interpolymers tends to be poor.

It has now been discovered, however, that the flexibility of aldehyde modified amide interpolymers can be substantially improved by blending such interpolymers with an alkyd resin, preferably short oil length alkyds prepared using a considerable excess of hydroxyl groups. The resulting compositions form films with excellent flexibility, and the recoat adhesion is also very good. It has also been noted that the carboxyl groups in the alkyd resin tend to provide an internal type catalysis, so that the coating compositions of this invention cure at lower temperatures than do the aldehyde modified amide interpolymer films. Moreover, these improved properties of the amide interpolymer-alkyd resin blends are ob tained without appreciable loss of any of the desirable properties possessed by the aldehyde modified amide interpolymers. Consequently, films of coating compositions containing blends of alkyd resins with aldehyde modified amide interpolymersare characterized by excellent gloss, mar resistance, color retention, moisture resistance, stain resistance, grease resistance, heat resistance, detergent resistance, corrosion resistance, recoat adhesion, flexibility, and lack of odor. In addition, these coating compositions can be prepared with a higher solids content than can compositions containing only the modified amide interpolymer.

These properties render the compositions of this invention particularly useful as coatings for sheet metal products such as household appliances, automobiles, as metal priming compositions, as can coatings, and for many other purposes. 7

As stated hereinabove, acrylamide or other polymerizable amide is polymerized with one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomeric compounds, and the resulting interpolymer reacted with an aldehyde to form one component of the coating compositions of this invention. The exact mechanism whereby the amide interpolymers are obtained is not definitely known, but is believed to begin by the formation initially of a relatively short chain soluble interpolymer having an approximate struc- "ice ture as follows, acrylamide being utilized for illustrative purposes:

NE, NH:

wherein M represents a unit of a monomer polymerizable with acrylamide, and n represents a whole number greater than 1. :For example, if styrene were utilized 'as i the second monomer, M would represent the unit The short chain interpolymer then reacts with an aldehyde as represented by formaldehyde, to give the structure:

onion onion wherein M and n have the significance set forth hereinabove.

In the event the formaldehyde is utili'zed in the form of a solution in butanol or other alkanol, etherification may take place so that at least some of the methylol groups in the above structure will be converted to groups of the structure CH 0 alkyl the alkyl groups being derived from the alkanol utilized. The amount of etherification taking place depends in large measure upon the pH of the reaction medium, with acid conditions favoring etherification. The etherification of the acrylamide interpolymer appears to be analogous to the conventional butylation of urea and inelamine resins.

Among the monomers which may be polymerized with acrylamide are included methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate,

butyl acrylate, isobutyl aerylate, hexy-l acrylate, octyl acrylate, and the corresponding metha'crylates, styrene, vinyl toluene, maleate esters such as dibutyl maleate, acidic materials such as acrylic acid, ine'thacrylic acid, maleic anhydfide, vinyl ethers, vinyl ke'wnes, vinyl pyridines, viny-l sulfonamides, allyl acetoacetates, glycidyl acrylates', methacrylamide, dimethylbenzyl methafylate, durenediol dimet-hacrylate, and the like. In general, it is preferred that the monomer utilized contain a single CH C group in terminal position, and an especially preferred group of monomers includes ethyl 'aci'ylate, butyl acrylate, methyl ac'rylate, styrene, vinyl toluene, acrylic acid, and monome't-liyl styrene.

It has been found that preferred acrylamide interpolymers are obtained when at least two monomeric conipounds are interpolymerized with the acrylar'nide. In this manner it is possible to tailor the interpolymer to have any desired degree of hardness or flexibility. For example, one useful ternary interpolymer is prepared from acrylamide, ethyl acrylate and styrene. Also, a small amount of methyl niethaerylate tends to improve the hardness of two component interpolymers where one of the monomers is of the type which forms soft homopolymers. A small quantity of an acid monomer such as acrylic acid, methacr'ylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic' acid, or fumaric acid :has been found to be particularly useful as an internal catalyst in that it imparts to the utilize from about 0.1 percent to 2.0 percent.

the likeare conventionally used for this purpose.

7 V 3 coating composition desirable fast curing properties. In place of acrylamide, any other polymerizable amide, for example, methacrylamide or itaconate diamide, may be utilized.

Interpolymers of acrylamide with one ormore polymerizab-le monomers are most readily prepared by carrying out the polymerization in a solvent in which the acrylamide, a white, crystalline solid at room temperature, and the other monomer(s) are'soluble, and at reflux temperatures. Butanol has proven to be a satisfactory solvent in most cases. Isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol,

butyl Cellosolve, and mixtures ofrbutanol or other lower alkanol-with water can also be used advantageously as solvents. Some care must be exercised when water is present 'in the system as. gummy precipitates may result, especially at the higher water levels. The presence of lower alcohols or Water has been found to moderate the speed of reaction by lowering the reflux temperature.

Butyl or ethyl acetate, or other ester solvents, and hy-f drocarbons such as xylene and the like may also be em ployed. V

In carrying out the polymerization reaction a per- 7 oxygen type catalyst is ordinarily utilized. Useful cata- 'refiux temperatures, whereas benzoyl peroxide has been very effective at lower reflux temperatures. For some polymerization reactions, mixtures of the above peroxygen compounds are used to secure desired conversions.

The diazo compounds, such as p-methoxyphenyl diazolthio-(Z-naphthyl) ether, may also be used as polymerization catalysts .in the preparation of acrylamide interpoly- ,mers.

Redox catalyst systems can also beemployed. .The quantity of catalyst employed. can be varied considerably; however, in most instances it is desirable to If high viscosities are desired, a low initial level of catalyst, fol- .lowedby the necessary additions to give 100 percent conversion, is preferably employed. Forrlow viscosity interpolymers the bulk of the catalyst is added initially and later additions used only to secure desired conversions; Larger amounts of catalyst'added initially give lower viscosities.

Since it is desirable in many instances that the interpolymers of acrylamide with other ethylenically unsaturated monomers be relatively low in molecular weight so that they can be dissolved at high solids and low viscosit ies, a chain modifying'agent or chain terminator is ordinarily added to the polymerization mixture. The use of a lower alkanol such as butanol or armixture of butanol andwateras a solvent, together with high catalyst levels, raids considerably, but in most instances it is'preferred to addcontrolled amountsof chain'modifying materials.

)The mercaptans, such as dodecyl mercaptan, tertiarydodecyl mercaptan, octyl mercaptan, hexyl mercaptan, and

However, other chain modifying agents or short stopping agents such as cyclopentadiene, allyl acetate, allyl carbamate, alpha-methyl styrene, alpha-methyl styrene V dimers, and the like can be used to secure low molecular weights, as can unsaturated fatty acids or esters.

* Very useful'acrylamide interpolymers can also be obtained when no chain modifying agent is employed; -.In-'

such instances high molecular weight interpolymers are 4 produced, this factor adding to the toughness and enhancing the fabrication properties of the films, as well as reducing the taste properties of the interpolymer.

The polymerization is best carried out by admixing the acrylamide, or other polymerizable amide, and the other monomer or'monorners, the catalyst and chain modifying agent, if any, in the solvent, and refluxing the resulting solution'for a tirne sufficient to obtain the desired conversion. Ordinarily, the polymerization will be complete in about 1 to 16 hours. As indicated hereinabove, it may in some instances be desirable to add only a portion ofthe catalyst initially, the remainder being added in increments as. the polymerization progresses. External cooling of the polymerization mixture or. very accurate control of reflux conditions are important in carrying out the polymerization because of the very rapid reaction rate and because the reaction is highly exothermic. Some control of the heat of reaction is obtained by adding 7 the acrylamide to the polymerization mixture incrementally. Good agitation is also desirable.

Another method for preparing acrylamide interpolymers involves utilization of block or graft techniques. Conventional polymerization procedures, such as that described in the foregoing paragraph, ordinarily result in a random distribution of the components in the inter polymers. By block or graft methods, the component can be introduced into the composition in regular sequence or order, each segment being of a certain length and periodicity. These products can be made such that the acrylamide portion is in fixed position in the chain, this approach involving the preparation of segments which react in groups or react in sites along a preformed backbone from which or to which other segments can be grown or attached. The properties of materials prepared by this relatively new technique are known to be quite different in many instances from interpolymers in which the components are randomly oriented. By the block or graft method, one can prepare, by choice, materials of different solubility, solvent and flame resistance, adhesion, water solubility, and, in fact, almost any desired property can be tailored into the interpolymer.

Useful resinous materials containing acrylamide are obtained by reacting the interpolymers prepared according to the method described above with an aldehyde. Formaldehyde, in solution in water (formalin) or in a lower alcohol such as butanol, or a formaldehyde yielding substance such as para-formaldehyde, trioxymethylene, or hexamethylenetetraamine, is, greatly preferred. However, other monoaldehydes including acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, furfural, and the like, preferably containing only atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, can be used. 'Dialdehydes such as'glyoxal are not preferably employed as they frequently cause gelation ofthe acrylamide interpolymer to occur.

lt'is preferred that the aldehyde be reactedwith an interpolymer containing from about'5 percent to about 45 percent by weight of acrylamide, the balance being the other ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s). It has been found that those interpolymers containing the higher levels of acrylamide with those monomers which ordinarily form hard homo'polymers, give hard and flexible films; whereas interpolymers containing lower levels of acrylamide with those monomers which ordinarily form soft homopolymers tend to be considerably softer. If more than oneethylenically unsaturated monomer is polymerized with acrylamide, the proportions of such additional monomers utilized will depend upon the characteristics which such monomer or monomers will impart to the final interpolymer. For example, in some ternary .interpolymer systems it may be desirable to utilize about 20 percent by weight of acrylamide,- and 40 percent each of two additional monomers such as styrene and butadiene, or insome instances,.such as when acrylic acid or some other ethylenically unsaturated acid is utilized as an internal catalyst, it is. desirable. that the, interpolymer contain about 20 percent acrylamide, a total of about 72 percent to 79 percent of two additional ethylenically unsaturated monomers and about 1.0 percent to about 8.0 percent of the unsaturated acid. The amount of the monomers necessary in any interpolymerization reaction can readily be determined by simple experiment.

It is ordinarily preferred to utilize two equivalents of formaldehyde for each amide group present in the interpolymer, although this amount may be in considerable excess of the amount necessary to form methylol groups on the polymer chain. Accordingly, this ratio may be raised or lowered considerably if desired. For example, the ratio may be as high 3.0 equivalents of formaldehyde for each amide group in the interpolymer, or as low as about 0.2 equivalent of formaldehyde for each amide group in the interpolymer.

The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a mild acid catalyst such as maleic anhydride. Other acid catalysts such as oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid, or sulfuric acid, may also be utilized, although there is some possibility of gelation occurring if the catalyst is too strongly acidic. Alkaline catalysts such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, hexamethylenetetraamine, and other basic amines may also be utilized, and, in fact, there is evidence to indicate that the use of the basic catalysts tends to give faster curing resin films.

If desired, the catalyst may be dispensed with entirely, although it is difiicult to obtain satisfactory reaction unless a catalyst is employed. The quantity of catalyst utilized may be varied widely; for example, as pointed out hereinabove, the more acidic the reaction medium, the greater the amount of etherification which will occur if an alcohol solution of the aldehyde is utilized. If the aldehyde is used in the form of an alcoholic solution, it is preferred to utilize from about 0.2 percent to 1.0 percent by weight of catalyst, based upon the weight of the acrylamide interpolymer which is reacted with the aldehyde.

The reaction of the acrylamide interpolymer with the aldehyde can be carried out simply by adding the aldehyde and catalyst (if one is utilized) to the polymerization mixture obtained by polymerizing acrylamide and one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomer and refluxing the resulting mixture for a period of from about 3 to 5 hours until a desired viscosity is obtained. The water of condensation can be removed by azeotropic distillation as may a portion of the solvent if desired. In fact, when the aldehyde is utilized in the form of a solution in an alkanol such as butanol, it is desirable that approximately half of the butanol be distilled oif at the end of the reaction period and replaced by another solvent such as xylol. It is preferred that the final resinous material have a solids content of about 20 percent to 70 percent.

Similar polymeric materials may also be obtained by first reacting the acrylamide with an aldehyde such as formaldehyde to obtain an alkylol acrylamide, for example, methylol acrylamide, and then polymerizing the methylol acrylamide with one or more of the ethylenically unsaturated monomeric materials disclosed hereinabove. The polymerization utilizing methylol acrylamide is carried out in substantially the same manner as when acrylamide is interpolymerized with one or more monomers.

Regardless of the method by which the resinous material is obtained, the products Which are blended with alkyd resins in accordance with this invention will contain in the polymer chain a series of at least two, and normally many, attached groups of the structure:

IH ROB-i wherein R is a lower aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, that is, the radical derived by removing oxygen from a lower aliphatic aldehyde; for example, if formaldehyde is utilized the radical R represents a methylene group (-CH The molecular weight of the interpolymer will, of course, depend on the number of groups of'the above structure in the polymer chain. When an alcoholic solution of the aldehyde, for example, a 'butanol solution of formaldehyde is employed, etherification may take place and at least a portion of the alcohol is reacted into the polymer chain so that at least some of the radicals'R will represent a lower alkyl radical such as butyl, or in other words, a mixture of hydrogen and butyl radicals. When the aldehyde is utilized alone, that is, not in an alcohol solution, the radical R of course, will represent hydrogen. The free valences may be satisfied with either hydrogen or hydrocarbon, depending on the amide which is utilized.

The resin which is blended with the aldehyde modified amide resins in accordance with the present invention may be any of the alkyd resins utilized in the coatings field and which are readily available from many commercial sources. Generally, however, the oil modified resins are employed. The oil utilized is preferably selected from the group consisting of linseed oil, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, tall oil, and castor oil; however, other drying or semi-drying oils such as fish oils, soybean oil, and the like can also be employed. It is also possible to replace a portion of the phthalic acid or anhydride in the'alkyd with minor quantities of equivalent polyfunctional acids such as maleic acid or anhydride, fumaric acid, isophthalic acid, and the like, and in a similar manner a portion of the glycerin may be replaced with minor quantities of other polyfunctional alcohols such as pentaerythritol, trimethylol propane, ethylene glycol, or the like. Such other polyfunctional acids or alcohols should not, of course, be utilized in amounts which cause the alkyd resin to gel during preparation. Polyesters containing adipic acid and various glycols and/ or polyols are also of utility in blends with the acrylamide interpolymers.

Normally, the alkyd is prepared by heating phthalic acid or anhydride and glycerin together with an oil derivative modified by ester interchange with glycerin in order to form monoglycerides or diglycerides of fatty acids. In some instances oil modification is effected by first reacting a free fatty acid of a drying glyceride oil with glycerin to form monoor diglycerides .or mixtures thereof. These partial esters may then be admixed with phthalic acid or anhydride and glycerin and the mixture heated to form the alkyd resin. It is also possible to obtain the oil modified resin by incorporation of the fatty acids and glycerin with the phthalic acid or anhydride and heating the mixture to reaction temperature. Preferably, the resin components are heated until water is evolved by condensation reaction and is separated from the reaction zone. The reaction is continued until fairly high viscosity is obtained; for example, approximately W to Z or above when the resin is diluted by about 50 percent by weight xylol or other aromatic solvent.

Many of the oil modified alkyd resins are very compatible with aldehyde modified acrylamide interpolymers of the type described hereinabove, and the two components can be combined in nearly all proportions to give compatible mixtures. Among the preferred alkyd resins which tend to be compatible with the aldehyde modified acrylamide interpolymers over a wide range of proportions are the coconut oil alkyds, which are particularly useful, probably because of their relatively short chain length, cottonseed oil alkyds, and castor oil alkyds. It has been found that those alkyd resins having a short oil length and a relatively high hydroxyl number or a high carboxyl number are more compatible than are alkyd resins having a low hydroxyl or low carboxyl value. The alkyd is ordinarily preparedutilizing an excess of hyexcess of about percent to 25 percent. It isto be understood, however, that the invention if not limited to completely compatible blends of alkyd res- This may be described as a type ofv solvent incompatibility and in working with pigmented compositions a system of this type is likely to show some pigment flocculation and floatation. A keyingf' solvent is of considerable aid in ins with aldehyde-modified acrylamide interpolymers, for 8 preventing flocculation; and floatation in these blends, very useful compositions can also be obtained by admixuseful fkeying solvents including thehighboiling aceing; aldehyde modified amide interpolymers with alkyd 'tates or ketones such as hydroxyethyl acetate or methyl resins which are only partially'compatible or even incom- .isobutyl ketone. V patibletherewith. Such compositions can be used to White pigments such as titanium dioxide or 'zinc oxide, 7 form films'which appear to be completely homogeneous 10 .or black pigments such as carbon black orlamp black, and in which the incompatibility, if any, is not apparent, and the like, may be added to the coating composition, either in appearance or 'in properties. as may colored pigments to form any desired colors. Pig- Thus, the proportions in which the aldehyde modified mentation of the amide resin-aldehyde systems of this amide interpolymer and the alkyd resin. are. admixed are invention is, best accomplished by grinding in the amide not critical; however, the most useful compositions are resin'or in some cases in the mixed vehicle, but the pigobtained when the components are blended in amounts ment should preferably not be ground in the alkyd resin suchthat there .is present about 25 percent to 95 percent alone. I The grinding is preferably carriedout in a Bakerof the amide resin and about 5 percent to 75 percentrof Perkins type mill 'orin a pebble mill. For improved gloss the alkyd resin. d V stability of pebble milled compositions, finely divided No special expedients are necessary in formulating the pigment dispersing aids such as calcium carbonate, sold resinous blends 'of alkyd resins and aldehyde modified under the trade name Multiflex MM, and the like, may amide resins into coating compositions. For example, be used. 7 they may be prepared simply by incorporating the resin- The following examples illustrate in detail the prepous components in a suitable solvent system by simple aration of blends of amide modified interpolymers with agitation, or each resinous component may be dissolved alkyd resins. The examples are not'intended to limit the in a solvent and the resulting solutions combined to form invention, however, for there are, of course, numerous the finished coating composition. possible variations and modifications.

Preferably, however, the alkyd resin and the amide Examples 1 to 1 resltnlare i g g l i for fi q of g 80 These examples illustrate the preparation of aldehyde ma 6 y our 6 Ore 6mg 0mm a e m o ma mg modified acrylamide interpolymers which can be blended gg f It ji i i rgiiiuxmg g with alkyd resins to form thecoating compositions of as atpro g a i ii g this invention. The polymerization in each example was plgrgents a liperslon S a 1 an carried out by mixing the polymerizable components if 9 ame f resmmzs fig g are .g. with a chain transfer agent (except in Example VI where a 5 so f 3 5 g none was utilized) in a solvent such as butanol or xylene, a a g ter 0 may so 6 emp Oye and adding a polymerization catalyst, either initially or I t d rk t l d in increments throughout the polymerization reaction. l i so i s 32 a'i g on an i The polymerization mixture was then refluxed (in a bomb so g 10 d 155.0 1c {2 e 40 when butadiene1,3 was the monomer) for a period of i e .3 t u 1 g time sulficlent to obtain a conversion of substantially 100 P s i mberpo i 15 or percent. The polymerization charge, reflux time, inter- Pare m a utano so non, utano 1S fonvement y polymer properties, formaldehyde condensation proceas one of the solvents, although as pointed out herelndure and thepmperfies of the resinous condensation above it is desirable to replace about half of the butanol Product are t d inthe following table, wherein the with another solvent such as xylol. The alkyd resin is letters h the fongwin'g ignifi n preferably utilized in the form of a percent solution A Be-nzoyl peroxide' 1n xylolor other solvent. B-.-Di-t-butyl peroxide Some combinations of alkyd resins with aldehyde modi- C Cumene hydroperoxide fied acrylamide interpolymers, even though giving a clear 59 D 1 h 1 styrene dimers film and showing compatibility, may go through a stage E-Dodecyl mercaptan of hazing or cloudiness duringthe solvent evaporation. V F-Tertiary dodecyl mercaptan Example I Example II Example III Exainple IV ,Example V Example VI 15%Acrylamide: 20%Acrylamide: 15%Aorylamide: 20%Aerylamide: 20%Acrylamide: 20%Acrylamide: 25% Methyl 20% Methyl 25% Styrene; 40% Styrene; 40% Styrene; 80% Vinyl Methaerylate; Methaerylate; 60% Ethyl 4 .0% Butadiene 40% Butadiene Toluene 60% Ethyl 60% Ethyl Acrylate Aerylate ticrylate Polymerization Charge and Procedure:

Acrylamide Parts 8 40 3 160 160 250 Monomer A do 5 40 5 320 320 1000 Monomer B- do 12 120 -12 320 320 Catalyst (10 ffkig ii 2 16'0. B A Modifier do-- 90.8 F 2 D 90.8 F 8.0 E 8.0 E Solvent- (Butanol) do- 20.0 200 '20.0 '1200 1200 1250 (Xylene)... 500 500 Reflux Time (hours) 4 1 6 16 (bomb) 16 (bomb) 10 Polymer Properties: a Percent Solids 52. 5 51.6 51. 5 25.1 25.1 49.1 Viscosity (Gardner) Z3 Z5-Z6 Z Formaldehyde Condensate: p Butanol Solution of Formalld ebiysde 6 34 8A 6 6 34 8 r ar 39 Maleic Anhydride -do 36.3 i 1.0 36.3 4. 5 2. 5 /351 li il resm Reflux Time (hours) 3 3% 3 L 4 4 16 Final Product:

Percent Solids 50.1 48. 50.6 49. 4 49. 4 41. 3 Viscosity (Gardner). Y Y U-V z z XY 7 Color (Gardner) 3-4 1 34 34 3-4 1-2 Styrene Ethyl acrylate 45 Acrylamide 15 Cumene hydroperoxide 1 Tertiary dodecyl mercaptan 1 The above components were refluxed in butanol for about 6 hours. The resulting product was then admixed with 12.6 parts of formaldehyde in the form of a 40 percent solution in butanol and the mixture refluxed for an additional 3 hours. One half of the butanol was then removed by distillation and replaced by an equal volume of xylene. The resulting resinous product had the following properties:

Solids (percent) 48-52. Weight per gallon (pounds) 8.0:01. Viscosity (Gardner-Holdt) U to W. Color (Gardner 1933) 5 (maximum). Mineral spirits tolerance (cc. of naphtha per 100 grams resin) 75 (minimum).

Example VIII Solids (percent) 48-52.

Weight per gallon (pounds) 7.9.

Viscosity (Gardner-Holdt) X to Z.

Color (Gardner) 8 (maximum). Mineral spirits tolerance 400 (minimum).

Example IX This example illustrates the use of an unsaturated acid in the acrylamide interpolymerization to provide an internal catalyst which accelerates the cure of the coating composition. The interpolymer was prepared from the following components in the amounts set forth:

Parts by weight Styrene 39 Ethyl acrylate 44 Acrylamide 15 Acrylic acid 2 Cumene hydroperoxide l Tertiary dodecyl mercaptan 1 The above components were admixed and refluxed for 2 hours after which an additional 0.5 part of cumene hydroperoxide was added and reflux was continued for a further period of 2 hours. A solution comprising 126 parts of formaldehyde (40 percent concentration in butanol) was added together wtih about 0.33 part of maleic anhydride catalyst. The resulting mixture was refluxed for 3 hours, after which one half of the butyl 10 equal amount of xylene. The resin had a solids content of 48 percent, a Gardner color of 7 and a Gardner-Holdt viscosity of S to X.

Example X A series of 5 different alkyd resins was prepared. The quantities of reactants charged to prepare each resin are set forth 'hereinbelow. The proportions used yielded 100 parts of resin after the water of esterification was removed.

Alkyd Alkyd Alkyd Alkyd Alkyd Component A, B, O, D. E,

ports parts parts parts parts Cottonseed oil acids... 42. 8 42. 4 38. 8 Coconut oil acids 36. 0 11. 9 Phthalic anhydrlde 40. 0 39. 7 42. 0 43. 3 27. 8 Glycerol 25. 3 23. 0 27. a 27. 5 11. 5 Pentaerythritol Tertiary butyl oenzoic a Adipic acid 9. 7 Sebacic acid 13. 9 Dipropylene glycol 33. 5

Each of the alkyd resins was reduced to a total solids content of 50 percent in xylol and blended with a styrene, ethyl acrylate, acrylamide interpolymer composed of 39 parts by weight of styrene, 44 parts by weight of ethyl acrylate, 15 parts by weight of acrylamide, and 2 parts by weight of acrylic acid, in amounts ranging from (1) 9 parts of the acrylamide interpolymer to 1 part of the alkyd resin, (2) 3 parts of the acrylamide interpolymer to 1 part of the alkyd resin, (3) 1 part of the acrylamide interpolymer to 1 part of the alkyd resin, (4) 1 part of the acrylamide interpolymer to 3 parts of the alkyd resin, and (5) 1 part of the acrylamide interpolymer to 9 parts of the alkyd resin. The alkyd resin and the acrylamide interpolymer were compatible in every instance except when Alkyd B and the acrylamide interpolymer were admixed in an amount of 3 parts by weight of the acrylamide interpolymer to 1 part by weight of the alkyd resin, in which instance they were incompatible. Films of each composition were prepared and baked for about 30 minutes at 350 F. In each instance a hard, clear film was obtained.

Example XI An alkyd resin was prepared by cooking together 51.1 parts by weight of castor oil, 35.5 parts by weight of phthalic anhydride, and 18 parts by weight of glycerol. The resin was cooked to an acid number of 9-10, and reduced to 50 percent solids in xylol.

The alkyd resin thus prepared was then blended in an amount of 40 percent by Weight with percent by weight of a styrene, ethyl acrylate, acrylamide interpolymer prepared according to the method of Example Ill. A second sample of the alkyd resin was blended in an amount of about percent by weight with 30 percent by weight of the same acrylamide interpolymer. Each of the two compositions was then pigmented with titanium dioxide in an amount of 0.9 part of pigment per part of resin solids. The resulting composition was ground on a Kent 3-roll mill and films prepared therefrom. Certain of the films were baked for 30 minutes at 300 F., others for 30 minutes at 325 F., and a third group for 30 minutes at 350 F. The impact resistance and gloss of each film are shown in the accompanying alcohol was removed by distillation and replaced by an 5 table:

. V Emmp le XII An alkyd resin was prepared from the following com ponents:

The resulting alkyd resin had a solids content of 58 percent in xylol, and a weight per gallon of 8.45 pounds;

Five and one-half parts of this alkyd resin was admixed with 15.5 parts of the aldehyde modified acrylamide interpolymer of Example IX, 30.6 parts of xylol, 18.4 parts of rutile titanium dioxide, and 0.74 part of phthalocyanine blue pigment; The mixture was placed in a pebble mill and milled for about 15 hours, at which point the mixture had a Hegman grind of 7. Eleven parts of the above alkyd and 31 additional parts oi the interpolymer of Example 1X were then added to the pebble mill and the resulting mixture milled for two hours, after which the mill was washed with 16.2 parts of xylol. The resulting mixture in the mill was then let down with 392 parts of the interpolymer' of Example IX, 136 parts of the alkyd resin of this example, 105parts of xylol and 0.6 part of a 1 percent solution of a silicone oil used as an antiflooding agent.

7 The pastel blue coating composition thus obtained was drawn onto bonderized metal panels to a thickness of about 1.2 to 1.5 mils and the films baked for 30 minutes at 350 F. These films exhibited excellent gloss, hardness, impact resistance, and resistance to stains, salt spray, detergents, and food products;

Example XIII T 0 illustrate the superior properties of films obtained utilizing the coating compositions of this invention the following compositions were prepared:

Composition Ai 90 percent interpolymer of Example IX 10 percent alkyd resin of Example XII Composition B:

85 percent interpolymer of Example IX percent alkyd resin of Example XII Composition C:

75 percentinterpolymer of Example IX percent alkyd resin of Example XII Composition D:

60 percent interpolymer of Example 1X 40 percent alkyd resin of Example XII Composition 7E2 90 percent interpolymer of Example IX 10 percent epoxy resin (Epon 1001) Composition F:

60 percent coconut oil alkyd (35 percent oil length) 40 percent 1:1 mixtureof urea-forma1dehyde-n1ela-- 7 7 mine-formaldehyde Composition G:

60 percent castor oil alkyd resin 40 percent 1:1 mixture of urea-formaldehyde-melamine-formaldehyde table.,below:;,.,,..,. l

* Baked film properties Film V Panel compositlon 60 Sward Pencil Impact, Gloss Rocker Hardness Inch Eardness r 4 Pounds A Y 44 5H 12 B 83 46 5E 12 O 80 44 5H 12 D 85 34 H 18 E 42 5H 18 F 85 r 36 H 6 G 81 18 HB Example XIV V This example illustrates that useful compositionscan also be obtained by utilizing a minor amount of a melami'netormaldehyde condensation product'in conjunction with the acrylamide interpolymer and the alkyd resin. ordinarily'gthe melamine. tends to be incompatible when utilized .in an Zamount more than about 15 'percent by weight, so thatpreferably. the quantity of melamine resin which is utilize'd is aboutlO percent.

To illustrate the use of a melamine resin, a resinous blend was prepared from 50 percent by weight of the acrylamide interpolymer, 40 percent by weight of the alkyd resin, and 10 percent by weight of a melamineformaldehyde resin. The mixture was pigmented with titanium dioxide in accordance with the method of Ex ample XI, and films from the resultingcomposition were baked according to the schedule of Example XI. In each instance the resulting film had an impact resistance greater than 12 and good gloss. I

In addition to urea-formaldehyde resins, minor quantities of other resinous products, such as melamine-formaldehyde resins, vinyl'resins, epoxy resins, and the like may be blended with acrylamide interpolymers and alkyd resins to give useful variations in properties. Other modifications in the compositions may also be made; for example, pigments other than titanium dioxide may be utilized as may different solvents.

While specific examples of the invention have been set forth hereinabove, it is not intended that the invention be limited solely thereto, but to include all of the variations and modifications falling within the scope of the appended claims. a v

v We claim: v

' 1. A heat hardenable resinous composition comprising an alkyd resin, and an interpolymer of an acrylamide with at least one other monomer having a CH =C group, said interpolymer being characterized by having amido hydrogen atoms replaced by the structure resin, and'from about 25 percent to percent by weight of an interpolymer of an acrylamide with at least'one other monomer'containing a CH =C group, said interpolymer being characterizedv by having amido hydrogen atoms replaced by the structure i v -ROR wherein R is a saturated lower aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having its free valences on a single carbon atom, and R is a member of the class consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl radicals.

3. The heat hardenable resinous composition of claim 2' wherein the alkyd resin employed is an oil modified alkyd resin.

9 wherein the interpolymer is an interpolymer of acrylamide, ethyl acrylate and styrene.

5. The heat hardenable resinous composition of claim 3 wherein the interpolymer is an interpolymer of acrylamide and vinyl toluene.

6. The heat hardenable resinous composition of claim 3 wherein the interpolymer contains an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid as one component.

7. The heat hardenable resinous composition of claim 3 wherein the alkyd resin is prepared from glycerol, phthalic anhydride, and a member of the class consisting of cottonseed acids and coconut oil acids.

8. A heat hardenable resinous composition comprising about 5 percent to 75 percent by weight of an alkyd resin, and from about 25 percent to 95 percent by weight of an interpolymer of acrylamide with at least one other monomer containing an aliphatic CH CH group, which interpolymer has been reacted with a monoaldehyde containing only atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, said aldehyde having been employed in an amount of from 0.2 equivalent to 5.0 equivalents for each amide group of said acrylamide inter-polymer.

9. The heat hardenable resinous composition of claim 8 wherein the alkyd resin is an oil modified alkyd resin.

10. The heat hardenable resinous composition of claim 9 wherein the alkyd resin is prepared from glycerol, phtha-lic anhydride and a member of the class consisting of cottonseed acids and coconut oil acids.

11. The heat hardenable resinous composition of claim 9 wherein the interpolymer is an interpolymer of acrylamide, ethyl acrylate and styrene.

12. The heat hardenable resinous composition of claim 9 wherein the interpolymer is an interpolymer of acrylamide and vinyl toluene.

13. The heat hardenable resinous composition of claim 9 wherein the interpolymer contains an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid as one component.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,173,005 Strain Sept. 12, 1939 2,205,355 Grimm et al. June 18, 1940 2,344,793 Tissari Mar. 21, 1944 2,443,735 Kropa June 22, 1948 2,590,654 Schmutzler Mar. 25,, 1952 2,748,092 Daniel et al. May 29, 1956 2,776,267 Weber et a1. Jan. 1, 1957 2,808,383 Fikentscher et al. Oct. 1, 1957 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATION OF CORRECTION Patent No. 2,940,945 June 14, 1960 Roger M. Christen son et all,

It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 2 lines 3 to 7, the structure should appear as shown below instead of as in the patent:

NI-I NH same column 2. lines 22 to 27, the structure should appear as shown below instead of as in the patent:

I CH OH CH OH column 5, line 13, after "high" insert as lines 70 to 75, the structure should appear as shown below instead of as in the patent: I

I I ROIEi column 13, line 17, for "an aliphatic" read a line 18, for "a" read an aliphatic Anest: Signed and sealed this 6th day of junel96l.

ERNEST W. SWIDER DAVID L. LADD Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents 

1. A HEAT HARDENABLE RESINOUS COMPOSITION COMPRISING AN ALKYD RESIN, AND AN INTERPOLYMER OF AN ACRYLAMIDE WITH AT LEAST ONE ANOTHER MONOMER HAVING A CH2=C< GROUP, SAID INTERPOLYMER BEING CHARACTERIZED BY HAVING AMIDO HYDROGEN ATOMS REPLACED BY THE STRUCTURE 